Categories of Ebikes
The terms Category 1, Category 2, and Category 3 e-bikes are used to classify e-bikes based on their speed and the amount of electric assist they provide. These categories are defined by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) and are used in many countries around the world. Here is a brief overview of each category:
Category 1 Electric Bicycles: Also known as pedal-assist e-bikes, these provide electric assist only when the rider is pedaling and stop providing assistance when the bike reaches 20 mph (32 km/h). They are allowed on most bike paths, roads, and other places where traditional bicycles are permitted.
Category 2 Electric Bikes: Also known as throttle-assist e-bikes, these provide electric assistance when the rider uses a throttle, without requiring the rider to pedal. They also stop providing assistance when the bike reaches 20 mph (32 km/h). They are allowed on many bike paths and roads, but may be prohibited in some areas.
Category 3 E-bikes: Also known as speed pedelecs, these provide electric assist when the rider is pedaling and can reach speeds up to 28 mph (45 km/h). They are classified as bicycles but may be subject to more restrictions than Category 1 e-bikes, depending on local laws and regulations.
It's important to note that the specific laws and regulations regarding e-bikes may vary by state or even city, so it's important to check local regulations before purchasing or riding an e-bike. Additionally, some areas may have additional classifications or restrictions on e-bikes beyond the CPSC's categories.
There are several Types of e-bikes
Each type designed for specific purposes and terrain. Here are the most common type of e-bikes:
City e-bikes: These are designed for urban commuting and are typically equipped with fenders, lights, and a luggage rack. They are often more upright and comfortable than other types of e-bikes.
Mountain e-bikes: Also known as electric mountain bikes, these are designed for off-road terrain and are equipped with suspension, knobby tires, and a more powerful motor. They are usually more expensive than other types of e-bikes.
Road e-bikes: These are designed for road cycling and are sometimes equipped with drop bars and narrow tires. They are lighter and more efficient than other types of e-bikes and are often used for long-distance touring or fast riding on pavement.
Folding e-bikes: These are designed for portability and convenience and can be folded up for storage or transportation. They are often used for urban commuting or for travel. They are currently the most popular type of Ebike. They usually have wider tires (2.6" up to 4") than regular bicycles. They are excellent around town, on gravel and on many trails.
Cargo e-bikes: These are designed for carrying heavy loads and are often used for commercial purposes. They have a long wheelbase, sturdy frame, and a cargo rack or basket. They tend to be quite heavy with very strong wheels and higher load capacity. Often you can carry two children or an adult as cargo.
Cruiser e-bikes: These are designed for leisurely rides and are often equipped with comfortable seats, wide tires, and an upright riding position. They are good for exploring neighborhoods or beachside promenades. I am not fond of this type of bike as they are usually very uncomfortable to pedal more than a mile or two.
20 mph is fast enough for most of us. In most US states if you are on a bike/pedestrian trail, only a Category 1 or 2 Electric Bike is legal. I have never heard of a US policeman stopping a Category 3 (28 mph) ebike and giving them a ticket for being on a legal ebike trail, but it can happen as police departments get more knowledgeable about ebikes.
28 mph Category 3 bikes
These bikes are technically not legal on most pedestrian/bike trails in the United States. They are legal to ride on most city streets. States and even Cities will have their own laws regarding E-bikes. However from my experience there is very little interest by police departments in whether your ebike is a Category 1, 2, 3.
Category 3 E-bike Warning
If you get in an accident on a bike/ped trail and get sued for going to fast and you are on a Cat 3 you could be in a sticky situation.
Monster Ebikes
There are several E-bikes available with 1000 to 5000 Watt motors. These bikes are not considered Electric Bikes by the laws in most US states. They also probably do not qualify as a motorcycle unless they have brake lights, lights, turn signals and a title. While they can be fun, where you can legally use them is pretty limited.